{ "metadata": { "title": "Aquatic mosses and mossarium reference", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "scope": "Curated reference, not an exhaustive world flora. Includes aquatic, aquarium-capable and explicitly separated wetland comparison mosses.", "evidence_policy": "Source-derived facts are separate from habitat-based husbandry inferences. Null means not established, never zero.", "taxonomy_policy": "Names follow cited references, with explicit exceptions and ambiguities. This is not a global accepted-name checklist." }, "records": [ { "record_id": "M001", "scientific_name": "Taxiphyllum barbieri", "common_name": "Java moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "very easy", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 12, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 34, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 20, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 30, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 21, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Vietnam according to source", "natural_habitat": "Moist terrestrial and waterside habitats; widely grown submerged in aquaria.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Irregularly branching, readily attaching shoots; becomes lankier under weak light.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Vesicularia dubyana is a distinct species, not a safe replacement name for this moss. Microscopy may be needed.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S001" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M001.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willow_moss.JPG", "photo_creator": "No machine-readable author provided. S.Tanaka~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).", "photo_license": "Public domain", "photo_license_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willow_moss.JPG#Licensing", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M002", "scientific_name": "Taxiphyllum alternans", "common_name": "Taiwan moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "very easy", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 12, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Southeastern USA and eastern Asia", "natural_habitat": "Soil, roots, swamp wood and rocks beside rivulets and waterfalls.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Fine, regularly branched fronds under adequate light.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Taiwan in the trade name does not establish native origin. Source optimum exceeds its tolerance maximum; optimum fields deliberately left blank.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S002" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss-4f7a024f6db26.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss", "photo_creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M003", "scientific_name": "Taxiphyllum taxirameum", "common_name": "Khao Sok moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "very easy", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 12, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Widespread; aquarium population from Khao Sok, Thailand", "natural_habitat": "Generally shaded soil and rock; aquarium population collected partly submerged in a Thai rivulet.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Java-like moderately branched shoots, attaching readily.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Aquarium performance of the Khao Sok culture does not prove every terrestrial population is equally aquatic. Source optimum and tolerance conflict; optimum omitted.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S003" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-taxirameum-4f7a0407790db.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-taxirameum", "photo_creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M004", "scientific_name": "Taxiphyllum sp. “Flame”", "common_name": "Flame moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 12, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Asian origin suggested, not established", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat not established for the traded culture.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Submerged shoots rise in loose twisting spirals.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Unidentified species. Not a separately verified botanical species. Source optimum extends past tolerance maximum and is omitted.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Mount on a low rock or horizontal twig with room above for upright growth.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S004" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss-4f7a02600a2a9.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss", "photo_creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2006), www.killies.com", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M005", "scientific_name": "Taxiphyllum sp. “Spiky”", "common_name": "Spiky / Peacock moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved; Peacock equivalence is source interpretation", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "easy", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 12, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 34, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 20, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 28, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat not established for the trade form.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Broad feather-like branching shoots.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Flowgrow treats Peacock as the same trade entity as Spiky; do not count it as an extra species.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S005" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss-5634a234c0ef6.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss", "photo_creator": "© Tobias Coring (2010)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M006", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia dubyana", "common_name": "Singapore moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "easy", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "South and Southeast Asia", "natural_habitat": "Moist to wet tropical Asian sites; both emerged and submerged growth documented.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Creeping or horizontal, irregularly branched fronds; may produce capsules underwater.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Historical Java moss and present-day Java moss names overlap. Distinguish from Taxiphyllum barbieri.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S006" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-dubyana-4f7a02539f29e.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-dubyana", "photo_creator": "Loh Kwek Leong (2004)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species culture photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M007", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia ferriei", "common_name": "Weeping moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "East Asia", "natural_habitat": "Wet rock, riverbanks and wet soil beside rivulets.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Strongly drooping fronds in submerged culture.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Other mosses are sold as Weeping. Very low light may weaken the drooping form.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Attach to elevated branches or ledges so new shoots can hang below the support.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S007" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss-4f7a024dc14b9.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss", "photo_creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M008", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia montagnei", "common_name": "Christmas moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium (catalog label; descriptive text says relatively easy)", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Asian tropics", "natural_habitat": "Mostly emerged on shaded moist banks and forest ground in the Asian tropics.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Flattened triangular fronds, increasingly regular under stronger light.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Christmas moss may cover several traded species. Source describes confirmed V. montagnei as relatively undemanding despite a medium difficulty label.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Good candidate for humid banks, wood and moss walls; retain space for triangular fronds to spread.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S008" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss-4f7a024a79528.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss", "photo_creator": "© Oliver Knott (2005) www.oliver-knott.de", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled Christmas moss with Riccia; mixed planting", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M009", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia reticulata", "common_name": "Erect moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "South, Southeast and East Asia", "natural_habitat": "Moist terrestrial habitats in the Asian tropics.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Upright submerged shoots, creeping emerged shoots.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Erect moss can also refer to a Taxiphyllum. The name alone does not confirm species.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use upright growth on low hardscape underwater; expect a different creeping habit above water.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S009" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss-4f7a02512a0b7.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss", "photo_creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M010", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia sp. “Anchor”", "common_name": "Anchor moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved; trade name not a taxonomic rank", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat of the traded form not established.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Compact, pale-green cushions with broad, almost right-angle branching.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Identity unresolved; relationship to Mini Christmas is not established.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S010" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss-4f7a026498575.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss", "photo_creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2006), www.killies.com", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M011", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia sp. “Creeping”", "common_name": "Creeping moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved; trade name not a taxonomic rank", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "easy", "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat of the traded form not established.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Creeping shoots; trade material may resemble Singapore or Christmas moss.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Several different mosses may be sold under this name.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S011" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://aquamoos.de/products/660-large_01resp/vesicularia-sp-creeping-.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://aquamoos.de/en/aquarium-plants/aquarium-moss/vesicularia-sp-creeping-", "photo_creator": "AQUAMOOS; individual photographer not credited", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of supplier-labelled Creeping moss; unresolved trade identity", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M012", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia sp. “Mini Christmas”", "common_name": "Mini Christmas moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved; trade name not a taxonomic rank", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat of the traded form not established.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Small triangular, horizontal to drooping fronds.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "May overlap with Anchor or China moss. Mini Taiwan is a trade alias here, not proof of Taxiphyllum alternans.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S012" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss-4f7a0408c2ed7.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss", "photo_creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M013", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia sp. “Triangle”", "common_name": "Triangle moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "unresolved trade form", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved; trade name not a taxonomic rank", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "easy", "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 15, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Natural habitat of the traded form not established.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Regular triangular branching with tips angled upward.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Not the true Cratoneuron filicinum, despite mislabelling in trade.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a thin layer on wood or stone. For emerged culture keep the support moist and acclimate a small portion first.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S013" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss-4f7a03fb789ff.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss", "photo_creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M014", "scientific_name": "Fissidens fontanus", "common_name": "Phoenix moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Not established; dries rapidly in air", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "difficult in table; prose calls it relatively undemanding", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 4, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 18, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 25, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7.5, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "North and Central America, North Africa and warmer Europe", "natural_habitat": "Submerged in rivers and lakes, including shaded and relatively deep sites.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Fine two-ranked leaves create soft feather-like tufts attached to hardscape.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Source has conflicting difficulty and temperature statements. Numeric fields retain its table, not the broader prose range. Emerged culture is unconfirmed and drying is rapid.", "care_profile_id": "cool_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use on submerged twigs or flat stones. Avoid an emerged dry-start trial on the only available portion.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S014" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M014.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F.fontanus.jpg", "photo_creator": "Njmeyer03", "photo_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "photo_license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M015", "scientific_name": "Fissidens nobilis", "common_name": "Nobilis / Japan Fissidens", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "difficult", "growth_source": "very slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 18, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 10, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Tropical and subtropical Asia and Pacific islands", "natural_habitat": "Habitat details not compiled in the reviewed catalog entry.", "growth_form_and_identification": "More robust than Phoenix moss; a slow hardscape accent.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "The actual species differs from small Phoenix-like moss sold under this name. Verify cultivated stock.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a small, labelled tuft in a stable compartment; protect it from faster-growing mosses and algae.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S015" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/fissidens-nobilis-4f7a02cacdcdc.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fissidens-nobilis", "photo_creator": "René Körner (MasterChief) (2008)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species culture photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M016", "scientific_name": "Fissidens splachnobryoides", "common_name": "Doormat moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Taxonomic treatment disputed in source", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 18, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 30, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 22, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 28, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Widespread tropical material; exact culture provenance should be checked", "natural_habitat": "Moist soil, including flowerpots in tropical Asia; submerged cultivation reported.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Small short shoots forming low mats.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Some authors place this name under F. maceratus or F. flaccidus. Other unrelated mosses are sold under it. No accepted-name resolution asserted.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial a low foreground patch on a small removable support; verify that the plant really is a Fissidens.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S016" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://live.staticflickr.com/2378/32079969484_66d49c809f_h.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/62693539@N07/albums/72157680730402955", "photo_creator": "Vasteq on Flickr; album describes photographs from a Polish pet store", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled aquarium Doormat moss; disputed species assignment not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M017", "scientific_name": "Fontinalis antipyretica", "common_name": "Willow / greater water-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Temporary exposure documented; sustained emerged culture unconfirmed", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 4, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 10, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 22, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7.5, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 15, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Northern Hemisphere", "natural_habitat": "Attached to rock, roots or wood in still and running freshwater; temporary exposure can occur.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Long stems, often three-sided, with strongly keeled leaves lacking a midrib.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Highly variable. Tolerance of temporary exposure does not establish sustained emerged mossarium culture.", "care_profile_id": "cool_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Choose a cool submerged chamber with space for long stems; do not assume tropical warmth is ideal.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S017", "S018" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M017.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fontinalis_antipyretica2.jpg", "photo_creator": "Kurt Stüber", "photo_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M018", "scientific_name": "Fontinalis hypnoides", "common_name": "Fine water-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Not supported; source describes submerged-only growth", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 4, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 10, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 22, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 14, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Northern Hemisphere", "natural_habitat": "Submerged, mainly in still or slow-moving waters.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Soft fine shoots; leaves lack the strong keel of F. antipyretica.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Source describes submerged-only growth even though its emerged-culture field says unknown.", "care_profile_id": "cool_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Keep submerged in a cool compartment. Obtain reliably identified cultivated material.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S019" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M018.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fontinalis_hypnoides_(fontinalis_moss)_(7077305247).jpg", "photo_creator": "John Game", "photo_license": "CC BY 2.0", "photo_license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M019", "scientific_name": "Leptodictyum riparium", "common_name": "Streamside feather-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic / amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "very easy", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 4, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": 10, "temperature_optimum_max_c": 22, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 8, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 2, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 21, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Very widespread", "natural_habitat": "Nutrient-rich margins and shallows of still or slowly flowing waters; emerged on wet hard surfaces.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Flattish leafy shoots with a midrib extending past mid-leaf; submerged strands can become long.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Stringy moss is often assigned here in trade, but Flowgrow interprets much of it as Drepanocladus aduncus.", "care_profile_id": "cool_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Suitable for a cool waterline display or submerged tangles; plan for strands that may not attach firmly.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S020" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M019.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leptodictyum_riparium.JPG", "photo_creator": "Show_ryu", "photo_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "photo_license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M020", "scientific_name": "Drepanocladus aduncus", "common_name": "Kneiff’s hook-moss / Stringy moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic / amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "very easy", "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Very widespread", "natural_habitat": "Wetlands, lake and pond margins; often semi-emerged in shallow water.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Upright underwater shoots with curved leaves; may form a surface mat.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Flowgrow links Stringy moss to this species. Traded Aduncus moss may instead resemble Leptodictyum. Does not reliably self-attach.", "care_profile_id": "cool_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Hold shoots mechanically on rock or in a shallow removable tray; allow room for waterline growth.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S021" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M020.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drepanocladus_aduncus_(f,_144438-480958)_6737.JPG", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species growth photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M021", "scientific_name": "Hydropogonella gymnostoma", "common_name": "Queen moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquatic aquarium moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": "medium", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Aquatic moss in cultivation; detailed natural habitat not compiled.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Soft decorative aquarium moss.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "A primary publication identifies Queen moss as this species. Numeric culture limits are not established here; emerged suitability remains uncertain.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_aquatic", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a submerged trial rather than risking all stock in an emerged mossarium; temperature requirements need culture-specific confirmation.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S022", "S023" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/hydropogonella-gymnostoma-57a47e5c63a2d.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/hydropogonella-gymnostoma", "photo_creator": "© Sven Alexander Jensen (2016)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M022", "scientific_name": "Amblystegium serpens", "common_name": "Nano / creeping feather-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Terrestrial moss with documented submerged culture", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "easy", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": 4, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": 26, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": 5, "ph_max": 7, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": 0, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": 21, "numeric_range_basis": "Published cultivation catalog values; tolerance is not a target or experimentally verified boundary", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Very widespread", "natural_habitat": "Terrestrial soil, bark, dead wood and rock, often nutrient-rich; not naturally aquatic according to source.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Small creeping emerged lawns; delicate upright shoots underwater.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Included for documented submerged cultivation, not as a naturally aquatic species.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Useful for a humid emerged surface or a separately tested submerged patch.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S024" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M022.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amblystegium_serpens_(ca,_160610-470651)_2868.JPG", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M023", "scientific_name": "Fontinalis squamosa", "common_name": "Alpine water-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic moss", "submerged_evidence": "Natural submerged occurrence documented", "emerged_evidence": "Culture not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Fast acidic streams and rivers, attached to rock or roots; tolerates very nutrient-poor sites.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Slender cylindrical shoots with rounded, overlapping rather than keeled leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Different from slender forms of F. antipyretica. No numeric cultivation recipe reviewed.", "care_profile_id": "stream", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial in cool moving acidic water with low nutrient loading.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S025" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M023.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fontinalis_squamosa_(a,_143445-482125)_4235.JPG", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M024", "scientific_name": "Platyhypnidium riparioides", "common_name": "Long-beaked water feather-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic / amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Seasonal or partial submersion documented", "emerged_evidence": "Culture not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Rock, roots and wood in streams; submerged or partly submerged for at least part of the year.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Variable elongated shoots, broad toothed leaves and a long single midrib.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Rhynchostegium riparioides is an alternative name used in the guide. Avoid assuming tolerance of very acidic stream water.", "care_profile_id": "stream", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a flowing rock-to-water transition; retain an emerged portion during the trial.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S026" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M024.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platyhypnidium_riparioides.jpeg", "photo_creator": "Fozy81", "photo_license": "Public domain", "photo_license_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platyhypnidium_riparioides.jpeg#Licensing", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M025", "scientific_name": "Cinclidotus fontinaloides", "common_name": "Smaller lattice-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Intermittently flooded riparian moss", "submerged_evidence": "Temporary flooding; prolonged submersion unsuitable per guide", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Frequently flooded rocks, roots and masonry beside rivers and lakes; avoids markedly acidic water.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Robust trailing shoots with conspicuously thickened leaf borders.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Guide explicitly says it does not tolerate the prolonged submersion typical of Fontinalis.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a wet emerged bank with occasional splashing, not a permanently underwater carpet.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S027" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M025.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cinclidotus_fontinaloides_(a,_144706-474818)_7011.jpg", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M026", "scientific_name": "Cinclidotus riparius", "common_name": "Larger lattice-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Riparian moss; immersion duration unresolved", "submerged_evidence": "Flood-zone occurrence; permanent culture not established", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Lower river flood-zone than C. fontinaloides, according to the comparison in that species account.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Dark shoots; more symmetrical leaves, less twisted when dry than C. fontinaloides.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Evidence is a comparison account, not a complete species treatment. Leaf-section microscopy needed for reliable distinction.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Treat as an experimental wet-margin subject until species-specific immersion needs are verified.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S027" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M026.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cinclidotus_riparius_(a,_144629-481045)_9026.JPG", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M027", "scientific_name": "Hygrohypnum ochraceum", "common_name": "Claw brook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Stream moss", "submerged_evidence": "In and beside running water documented", "emerged_evidence": "Culture not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Rapid hill streams, waterfall rock and occasional seepages, usually on acidic substrates.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Soft green or brown patches with curved concave leaves and conspicuous pale alar cells.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Does not occur on calcareous rock in the guide’s region. Can be confused with H. luridum.", "care_profile_id": "stream", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial in a cool circulating soft-water stream section on noncalcareous stone.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S028" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M027.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6324053545", "photo_creator": "Perry Gunnar Larsen", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M028", "scientific_name": "Hygrohypnum eugyrium", "common_name": "Western brook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Stream moss", "submerged_evidence": "Natural stream occurrence; culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Culture not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Rock and stones in fast streams, often in wooded ravines with slightly base-rich rock.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Compact green-brown patches; orange cells at leaf-base corners.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Not interchangeable with the acid-substrate H. ochraceum. Taxonomic name follows the field guide.", "care_profile_id": "stream", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a cool shaded stream-rock trial with modest mineral influence.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S029" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M028.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hygrohypnum_eugyrium_(a,_145256-481440)_7182.JPG", "photo_creator": "HermannSchachner", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M029", "scientific_name": "Cratoneuron filicinum", "common_name": "Fern-leaved hook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Wetland / spring moss", "submerged_evidence": "Permanent underwater culture not established", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Wet base-rich springs, flushes and rock ledges; also disturbed terrestrial ground.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Small pinnate shoots with pale tips and a strong midrib reaching the leaf tip.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "The actual species differs from aquarium Triangle moss mislabelled Cratonneuron filicinum.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a wetted mineral-rich ledge with tops in humid air; verify identification.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S030" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M029.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6178509393", "photo_creator": "Daniel Buczkiewicz", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M030", "scientific_name": "Palustriella commutata", "common_name": "Curled hook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Spring / seepage moss", "submerged_evidence": "Continuous surface wetting documented; permanent immersion unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Wet base-rich cliffs, springs, flushes and continuously flowing calcareous fountains.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Feather-like curved foliage; may become encrusted with calcium deposits.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "A limestone-spring specialist rather than a generic soft-water aquarium moss.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a continuously trickling calcareous rock wall in its own mineral-compatible system.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S031" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M030.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6133394628", "photo_creator": "Daniel Buczkiewicz", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M031", "scientific_name": "Scorpidium scorpioides", "common_name": "Hooked scorpion-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Fen / shallow-wetland moss", "submerged_evidence": "Long-term underwater culture not established", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Mineral-rich flushes and calcareous fens, often among sedges.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Thick red-brown curved shoots, pale tips and nearly nerveless broad leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Strong wetland affinity does not supply proof of aquarium culture or a pH tolerance range.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial a saturated mineral-rich fen margin; avoid an acid Sphagnum compartment.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S032" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M031.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6324152752", "photo_creator": "Per Gerhard Ihlen", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M032", "scientific_name": "Warnstorfia fluitans", "common_name": "Floating hook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic bog-pool moss", "submerged_evidence": "Floating / wet-pool occurrence documented", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Nutrient-poor, base-poor still pools, commonly rain-fed upland waters.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Loose dark-green shoots with slightly curved long leaves; often among aquatic Sphagnum.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Drepanocladus aduncus can look similar but typically occupies more mineral- and nutrient-rich sites.", "care_profile_id": "acid_bog", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a low-mineral bog-pool trial rather than fertilized hard-water aquarium conditions.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S033" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M032.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6451825095", "photo_creator": "Anne Heckmann", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M033", "scientific_name": "Sarmentypnum exannulatum", "common_name": "Ringless hook-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Fen / spring-margin moss", "submerged_evidence": "Pool margins documented; permanent culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Poor fens, neutral-water springheads and flushes; overlaps pool margins but avoids the most base-poor conditions.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Long upright shoots, green to orange, with moderately curved leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Guide uses Warnstorfia exannulata. Sarmentypnum combination follows the cited bryological checklist.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a separate wet fen margin with modest mineral supply, not an extremely acid bog pool.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S034", "S035" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M033.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6273318690", "photo_creator": "Kian Hayles-Cotton", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M034", "scientific_name": "Sphagnum cuspidatum", "common_name": "Feathery bog-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquatic / amphibious bog moss", "submerged_evidence": "Submerged natural growth documented", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Very acidic bog pools, hollows, moorland runnels and ditches.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Aquatic forms have long soft narrow leaves and collapse when lifted from water.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Both terrestrial and aquatic forms exist; do not generalize this species’ water tolerance to all Sphagnum.", "care_profile_id": "acid_bog", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a cool low-mineral acid pool or saturated bog hollow, keeping the growing tips lit.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S036" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M034.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6133457277", "photo_creator": "considerthelilies", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M035", "scientific_name": "Sphagnum denticulatum", "common_name": "Cow-horn bog-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Aquatic / amphibious bog moss", "submerged_evidence": "Submerged natural populations documented", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Acidic bog pools, flushes, springs, ditches and irrigated rock; submerged in some pools and lakes.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Very variable, often with swollen curved branches and appressed leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "S. auriculatum is used in some treatments. Separation from S. inundatum can remain difficult even microscopically.", "care_profile_id": "acid_bog", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a saturated acidic support or shallow bog pool; retain provenance and avoid assuming a precise pH range.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S038", "S037" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M035.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6129857983", "photo_creator": "Helen Waterman", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M036", "scientific_name": "Sphagnum inundatum", "common_name": "Lesser cow-horn bog-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Wetland moss; rarely submerged", "submerged_evidence": "Rare natural submersion; permanent culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Poor fens, swampy ground, mildly base-rich pools, ditches and edges of flushes.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Spiky spreading branch leaves; green to orange-brown shoots.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Despite its name the guide states it is rarely submerged. Included as a wet-margin comparison, not a core underwater recommendation.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a high-water-table emerged margin. Do not select it for deep permanent submersion based on its name.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S039" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M036.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6273688011", "photo_creator": "Barry Stewart", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M037", "scientific_name": "Philonotis fontana", "common_name": "Fountain apple-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Spring / marsh moss", "submerged_evidence": "Permanent underwater culture not established", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Marshes, springs, flushes, stream margins, wet ledges and rock.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Upright pale-green shoots, reddish stems and corrugated small leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Species of Philonotis can require microscopy. Natural wetness alone does not establish permanent aquarium suitability.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial an illuminated saturated spring-bank patch with tops above the waterline.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S040" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M037.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5938105054", "photo_creator": "considerthelilies", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M038", "scientific_name": "Brachythecium rivulare", "common_name": "River feather-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Stream-margin / wet-woodland moss", "submerged_evidence": "Wet-margin occurrence documented; permanent culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Springs, runnels, wet ledges, stream boulders, carr and wet woods.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Often yellow-green with pinnate branching and distinct pale cells at leaf-base corners.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Similar to B. rutabulum; identification should be checked. No permanent-submersion culture evidence compiled.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a moist bank, wetted rock or spring ledge, allowing ample growing room.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S041" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M038.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6185213120", "photo_creator": "Helen Waterman", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M039", "scientific_name": "Racomitrium aciculare", "common_name": "Yellow fringe-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Riparian splash-zone moss", "submerged_evidence": "River-rock occurrence; permanent culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Wet noncalcareous rock, especially exposed tops of rocks in fast rivers.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Yellow-green to almost black shoots with blunt toothed leaf tips.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "A river-rock species, not evidence for a permanently submerged tropical aquarium plant. Name follows guide.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a cool wetted noncalcareous rock above the standing waterline.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S042" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M039.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6133241101", "photo_creator": "Daniel Buczkiewicz", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M040", "scientific_name": "Platyhypnidium alopecuroides", "common_name": "Portuguese feather-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Naturally aquatic stream moss", "submerged_evidence": "Usually submerged in nature", "emerged_evidence": "Culture not established", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Clear fast streams on base-poor rock; avoids limestone and calcareous substrates.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Long sparsely branched cylindrical-looking shoots with concave overlapping leaves.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Guide describes usual submersion, but no hobby cultivation limits were reviewed.", "care_profile_id": "stream", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a cool fast-flowing noncalcareous rock section; keep experimental stock separate.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S043" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M040.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5063795819", "photo_creator": "Helen Waterman", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M041", "scientific_name": "Schistidium rivulare", "common_name": "River grimmia", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Intermittently flooded riparian moss", "submerged_evidence": "Seasonal submersion documented", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Rocks, tree roots and wall bases in fast rivers, often the sheltered side of rocks.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Dark straggling shoots, no leaf hair-point, and short broad red capsules.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Typically seasonally submerged and higher in the flood zone than Fontinalis; not a permanent-underwater default.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use an emerged, wetted river-rock face with air exchange.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S044" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M041.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5081474993", "photo_creator": "Jostein Elvestrand", "photo_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled Schistidium rivulare sporophyte detail; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M042", "scientific_name": "Calliergon giganteum", "common_name": "Giant spear-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Fen / shallow-wetland moss", "submerged_evidence": "Lower shoots in water; complete long-term submersion not established", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Wet calcareous fens and flushes, usually with the lower shoots in water.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Robust upright tree-like branching, blunt leaves with a strong midrib.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Feet in water is not proof of a fully submerged display. Guide describes the species as uncommon regionally.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Trial a cool mineral-rich saturated fen compartment with room for tall shoots.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S045" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M042.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6184934450", "photo_creator": "Pia Stermann", "photo_license": "CC0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M043", "scientific_name": "Calliergon cordifolium", "common_name": "Heart-leaved spear-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Wet-woodland / marsh moss", "submerged_evidence": "Fluctuating-water habitat; permanent culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Swamp woodland, lake margins, ditches and wet hollows, often shaded and with fluctuating water levels.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Broad-leaved shoots with a strong midrib; less tree-like than C. giganteum.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Habitat can be nutrient-rich and mildly calcifuge; do not copy the calcareous recipe for C. giganteum.", "care_profile_id": "margin", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a shaded saturated margin rather than a deep-water planting.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S046", "S047" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M043.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6188550615", "photo_creator": "Alexis Tinker-Tsavalas", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M044", "scientific_name": "Sphagnum majus", "common_name": "Olive bog-moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name used by source; global accepted-name audit not performed", "water_category": "Bog-pool margin moss", "submerged_evidence": "Pool-edge / soak occurrence; culture unverified", "emerged_evidence": "Natural wet emerged habitat documented", "mossarium_suitability": "Specialist habitat-based trial; long-term mossarium culture unverified", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Lawns beside bog pools and in soaks; northern boreal and montane distribution.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Greenish or brownish bog lawns; field separation from aquatic relatives requires specialist keys.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Regional rarity in the atlas argues for cultivated provenance. Specific permanent-submersion culture evidence not compiled.", "care_profile_id": "acid_bog", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use a cool high-water-table bog compartment only if reliably identified propagated stock is available.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S048" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "images/M044.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6191833039", "photo_creator": "Theodor Korsgaard", "photo_license": "CC BY 4.0", "photo_license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled Sphagnum majus habitat photo; individual shoots are not resolved", "photo_storage_mode": "local_open_license" }, { "record_id": "M045", "scientific_name": "Vesicularia cf. montagnei “Krabi”", "common_name": "Krabi moss", "organism_group": "Moss", "record_type": "tentatively identified culture", "nomenclature_status": "Tentative identification", "water_category": "Aquarium-capable amphibious moss", "submerged_evidence": "Documented aquarium culture", "emerged_evidence": "Not established in compiled evidence", "mossarium_suitability": "Established aquarium option", "difficulty_source": "medium", "growth_source": "slow", "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Southern Thailand", "natural_habitat": "Reported from lakes near Krabi in southern Thailand.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Slow-growing hardscape moss in the catalog.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "cf. means compared with, not confirmed as V. montagnei. Do not count it as another resolved species.", "care_profile_id": "tropical_epiphyte", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Keep the provenance label and trial submerged hardscape placement; do not assume emerged performance from the tentative species name.", "availability_note": "Trade name documented; current stock and local availability not checked", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S049" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://gadzisklep.pl/10136-large_default/vesicularia-montagnei-krabi-moss-mech-do-akwarium.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://gadzisklep.pl/zywe-rosliny-do-akwarium/vesicularia-montagnei-krabi-moss-mech-do-akwarium", "photo_creator": "GadziSklep / Aqua Art product listing; individual photographer not credited", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Supplier-labelled Krabi culture cup; equivalence to the original Krabi culture unverified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M046", "scientific_name": "Riccia fluitans", "common_name": "Crystalwort", "organism_group": "Liverwort", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name follows source", "water_category": "Non-moss comparison", "submerged_evidence": "Aquarium culture documented for traded entity", "emerged_evidence": "Not compiled", "mossarium_suitability": "Comparison only; excluded from moss species count", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Floating freshwater growth; also used restrained underwater.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Small branching thallus rather than leafy moss shoots.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "A liverwort, not a true moss.", "care_profile_id": "non_moss", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Use as a floating or mechanically restrained aquatic liverwort, not as a naturally self-attaching moss carpet.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S050" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccia-fluitans-4f7a013100e11.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccia-fluitans", "photo_creator": "Bjarne Sætrang (2004)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M047", "scientific_name": "Riccardia spp.", "common_name": "Mini Pellia / coral moss", "organism_group": "Liverwort", "record_type": "unresolved trade group", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved", "water_category": "Non-moss comparison", "submerged_evidence": "Aquarium culture documented for traded entity", "emerged_evidence": "Not compiled", "mossarium_suitability": "Comparison only; excluded from moss species count", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Aquarium cultures sold as several similar tropical Riccardia types.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Fine branching thallus with a coral-like appearance.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Common R. chamedryfolia labels do not establish species identity. Several Riccardia species circulate.", "care_profile_id": "non_moss", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Keep as a labelled Riccardia culture; do not report it as an identified moss species.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S051" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccardia-spp-514a32a858b60.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccardia-spp", "photo_creator": "Andreas Ruppert (-serok-)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Genus example: Riccardia chamedryfolia; not confirmation of the aquarium Mini Pellia species", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M048", "scientific_name": "Monosolenium tenerum", "common_name": "Pellia (trade name)", "organism_group": "Liverwort", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name follows source", "water_category": "Non-moss comparison", "submerged_evidence": "Aquarium culture documented for traded entity", "emerged_evidence": "Not compiled", "mossarium_suitability": "Comparison only; excluded from moss species count", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Aquarium-cultivated thalloid liverwort.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Forking ribbons with a midrib; thicker and more brittle than Subwassertang.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Trade name Pellia does not put it in that genus. Distinct from Lomariopsis gametophytes.", "care_profile_id": "non_moss", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Handle gently and restrain loose growth. Keep separate from true-moss selections.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S052" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/monosolenium-tenerum-4f7a013229831.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/monosolenium-tenerum", "photo_creator": " Sabine (Bini) (2009)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M049", "scientific_name": "Lomariopsis cf. lineata", "common_name": "Subwassertang / Süßwassertang", "organism_group": "Fern gametophyte", "record_type": "tentatively identified culture", "nomenclature_status": "Species unresolved", "water_category": "Non-moss comparison", "submerged_evidence": "Aquarium culture documented for traded entity", "emerged_evidence": "Not compiled", "mossarium_suitability": "Comparison only; excluded from moss species count", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Persistent aquarium fern gametophyte; natural origin of the introduced culture uncertain.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Thin translucent rounded thallus lobes without a midrib.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Fern growth stage, not moss, algae or liverwort. cf. lineata preserves uncertainty of species assignment.", "care_profile_id": "non_moss", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Can provide a submerged moss-like texture; label as a fern gametophyte.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S053" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/lomariopsis-cf-lineata-4f7a026820c61.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/lomariopsis-cf-lineata", "photo_creator": "Loh Kwek Leong (2006)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled aquarium fern gametophyte; species assignment remains tentative", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" }, { "record_id": "M050", "scientific_name": "Aegagropila linnaei", "common_name": "Marimo / moss ball", "organism_group": "Green alga", "record_type": "species", "nomenclature_status": "Species name follows source", "water_category": "Non-moss comparison", "submerged_evidence": "Aquarium culture documented for traded entity", "emerged_evidence": "Not compiled", "mossarium_suitability": "Comparison only; excluded from moss species count", "difficulty_source": null, "growth_source": null, "temperature_tolerance_min_c": null, "temperature_tolerance_max_c": null, "temperature_optimum_min_c": null, "temperature_optimum_max_c": null, "ph_min": null, "ph_max": null, "carbonate_hardness_min_dkh": null, "carbonate_hardness_max_dkh": null, "numeric_range_basis": "Not established from reviewed sources", "reported_origin_or_distribution": "Not compiled", "natural_habitat": "Freshwater alga sold as moss balls.", "growth_form_and_identification": "Filamentous green algal growth, often in rounded colonies.", "identification_and_evidence_notes": "Not a true moss. Buying a ball does not confirm identity or clean provenance.", "care_profile_id": "non_moss", "mossarium_application_inferred": "Keep out of the moss count; use a separate verified algal care and sourcing protocol.", "availability_note": "Cultivated supply not checked; no wild-collection recommendation", "conservation_and_biosecurity": "Prefer legally propagated stock. Keep separate initially, inspect for contaminants, and never release material outdoors.", "source_ids": [ "S054" ], "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "photo_path_or_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/aegagropila-linnaei-4f7a0158862b3.jpg", "photo_source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/aegagropila-linnaei", "photo_creator": "orinoco (2007)", "photo_license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "photo_license_url": "", "photo_match_note": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "photo_storage_mode": "remote_reference" } ], "sources": [ { "source_id": "S001", "title": "Flowgrow: Taxiphyllum barbieri", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-barbieri", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S002", "title": "Flowgrow: Taxiphyllum alternans", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S003", "title": "Flowgrow: Taxiphyllum taxirameum", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-taxirameum", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S004", "title": "Flowgrow: Taxiphyllum sp. “Flame”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S005", "title": "Flowgrow: Taxiphyllum sp. “Spiky”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S006", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia dubyana", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-dubyana", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S007", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia ferriei", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S008", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia montagnei", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S009", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia reticulata", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S010", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia sp. “Anchor”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S011", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia sp. “Creeping”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-creeping-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S012", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia sp. “Mini Christmas”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S013", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia sp. “Triangle”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S014", "title": "Flowgrow: Fissidens fontanus", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fissidens-fontanus", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S015", "title": "Flowgrow: Fissidens nobilis", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fissidens-nobilis", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S016", "title": "Flowgrow: Fissidens splachnobryoides", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fissidens-splachnobryoides", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S017", "title": "Flowgrow: Fontinalis antipyretica", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fontinalis-antipyretica", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S018", "title": "British Bryological Society: Fontinalis antipyretica", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fontinalis-antipyretica.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S019", "title": "Flowgrow: Fontinalis hypnoides", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fontinalis-hypnoides", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S020", "title": "Flowgrow: Leptodictyum riparium", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/leptodictyum-riparium", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S021", "title": "Flowgrow: Drepanocladus aduncus", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/drepanocladus-aduncus", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S022", "title": "Akiyama 2013: identification of Queen moss", "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bryologicalresearch/10/11/10_KJ00008928860/_article/-char/en", "source_type": "primary taxonomic publication", "locator": "English abstract, Bryological Research 10(11):367–368; DOI 10.24474/bryologicalresearch.10.11_367", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S023", "title": "Flowgrow: Hydropogonella gymnostoma", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/hydropogonella-gymnostoma", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S024", "title": "Flowgrow: Amblystegium serpens", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/amblystegium-serpens", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S025", "title": "British Bryological Society: Fontinalis squamosa", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fontinalis-squamosa.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S026", "title": "British Bryological Society: Platyhypnidium riparioides", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Platyhypnidium-riparioides.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S027", "title": "British Bryological Society: Cinclidotus fontinaloides", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Cinclidotus-fontinaloides.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S028", "title": "British Bryological Society: Hygrohypnum ochraceum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Hygrohypnum-ochraceum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S029", "title": "British Bryological Society: Hygrohypnum eugyrium", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Hygrohypnum-eugyrium.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S030", "title": "British Bryological Society: Cratoneuron filicinum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Cratoneuron-filicinum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S031", "title": "British Bryological Society: Palustriella commutata", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Palustriella-commutata.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S032", "title": "British Bryological Society: Scorpidium scorpioides", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Scorpidium-scorpioides.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S033", "title": "British Bryological Society: Warnstorfia fluitans", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Warnstorfia-fluitans.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S034", "title": "British Bryological Society: Warnstorfia exannulata", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Warnstorfia-exannulata.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S035", "title": "Hill et al. 2008 checklist update", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2008_Update_-Hill_Blackstock_Long_Rothero_FINAL.pdf", "source_type": "taxonomic checklist", "locator": "Sarmentypnum entry", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S036", "title": "British Bryological Society: Sphagnum cuspidatum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sphagnum-cuspidatum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S037", "title": "British Bryological Society: Sphagnum denticulatum atlas", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Atlas-of-British-and-Irish-Bryophytes-V1-383.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S038", "title": "British Bryological Society: Sphagnum denticulatum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sphagnum-denticulatum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S039", "title": "British Bryological Society: Sphagnum inundatum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sphagnum-inundatum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S040", "title": "British Bryological Society: Philonotis fontana", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Philonotis-fontana.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S041", "title": "British Bryological Society: Brachythecium rivulare", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Brachythecium-rivulare.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S042", "title": "British Bryological Society: Racomitrium aciculare", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Racomitrium-aciculare.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S043", "title": "British Bryological Society: Platyhypnidium alopecuroides", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Platyhypnidium-alopecuroides.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S044", "title": "British Bryological Society: Schistidium rivulare", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Schistidium-rivulare.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S045", "title": "British Bryological Society: Calliergon giganteum", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Calliergon-giganteum.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S046", "title": "British Bryological Society: Calliergon cordifolium atlas", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Atlas-of-British-and-Irish-Bryophytes-V2-470.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S047", "title": "BBS: Calliergon cordifolium identification", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/learning/species-finder/calliergon-cordifolium/", "source_type": "bryological identification account", "locator": "Identification notes", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S048", "title": "British Bryological Society: Sphagnum majus atlas", "url": "https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Atlas-of-British-and-Irish-Bryophytes-V1-388.pdf", "source_type": "bryological field guide / atlas", "locator": "Identification and habitat sections; geographic scope primarily Britain and Ireland", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S049", "title": "Flowgrow: Vesicularia cf. montagnei “Krabi”", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-cf-montagnei-krabi", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S050", "title": "Flowgrow: Riccia fluitans", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccia-fluitans", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S051", "title": "Flowgrow: Riccardia spp.", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccardia-spp", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S052", "title": "Flowgrow: Monosolenium tenerum", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/monosolenium-tenerum", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S053", "title": "Flowgrow: Lomariopsis cf. lineata", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/lomariopsis-cf-lineata", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" }, { "source_id": "S054", "title": "Flowgrow: Aegagropila linnaei", "url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/aegagropila-linnaei", "source_type": "specialist cultivation reference", "locator": "Species description and culture table", "accessed_date": "2026-10-14" } ], "aliases": [ { "record_id": "M001", "alias": "Bogor moss", "relationship": "historical common name" }, { "record_id": "M001", "alias": "Vesicularia dubyana", "relationship": "misapplied trade identification" }, { "record_id": "M005", "alias": "Peacock moss", "relationship": "trade alias treated as equivalent by source" }, { "record_id": "M006", "alias": "Java moss", "relationship": "ambiguous historical common name" }, { "record_id": "M014", "alias": "Octodiceras fontanum", "relationship": "botanical synonym reported by source" }, { "record_id": "M014", "alias": "Fissidens nobilis", "relationship": "misapplied trade identification" }, { "record_id": "M019", "alias": "Amblystegium riparium", "relationship": "botanical synonym reported by source" }, { "record_id": "M019", "alias": "Stringy moss", "relationship": "ambiguous trade identification" }, { "record_id": "M020", "alias": "Stringy moss", "relationship": "trade interpretation used by Flowgrow" }, { "record_id": "M020", "alias": "Amblystegium aduncum", "relationship": "botanical synonym reported by source" }, { "record_id": "M021", "alias": "Amblystegiaceae sp. Manaus", "relationship": "former trade identification" }, { "record_id": "M024", "alias": "Rhynchostegium riparioides", "relationship": "alternative botanical name in source" }, { "record_id": "M030", "alias": "Cratoneuron commutatum", "relationship": "older botanical name in source" }, { "record_id": "M032", "alias": "Drepanocladus fluitans", "relationship": "botanical synonym in source" }, { "record_id": "M033", "alias": "Warnstorfia exannulata", "relationship": "older botanical combination" }, { "record_id": "M033", "alias": "Drepanocladus exannulatus", "relationship": "older botanical combination" }, { "record_id": "M035", "alias": "Sphagnum auriculatum", "relationship": "alternative name used in some treatments" }, { "record_id": "M040", "alias": "Rhynchostegium alopecuroides", "relationship": "alternative botanical name in source" }, { "record_id": "M040", "alias": "Platyhypnidium lusitanicum", "relationship": "alternative botanical name in source" } ], "care_profiles": { "tropical_epiphyte": { "title": "Tropical amphibious hardscape moss", "placement": "Submerged hardscape or humid, continuously moist emerged surface", "temperature": "Use the species-specific published range. Avoid heating a sealed jar in sun.", "light": "Start with diffuse low-to-moderate light; increase only if growth stays clean.", "water": "Keep wet with freshwater. Use measured water chemistry compatible with the individual entry.", "flow": "Gentle circulation underwater; humid air with some air exchange above water.", "mounting": "Tie a thin layer to inert rock or wood with fine thread; avoid burying shoots.", "propagation": "Divide clean living tufts and remount. Retain a separate backup culture.", "maintenance": "Remove loose trimmings and accumulated debris; thin mats before their interior shades out.", "co2": "Do not interpret catalog CO2 ranges as proof that injection is mandatory. Establish a small low-tech trial first.", "nutrition": "Use conservative complete aquatic fertilizer only when needed; avoid rich soil against the moss.", "evidence": "General husbandry synthesis. Species-specific outcomes have not been tested in this project." }, "cool_aquatic": { "title": "Cool-water submerged moss", "placement": "Freshwater submerged chamber", "temperature": "Prefer a cool system; use published species values where supplied. No universal safe upper limit is asserted.", "light": "Diffuse light; avoid direct sun and resulting water heating.", "water": "Keep submerged; match the entry's acidity and mineral requirements.", "flow": "Provide gentle circulation and gas exchange; a filter does not replace maintenance.", "mounting": "Secure small tufts to rock or wood without crushing or burying them.", "propagation": "Divide clean shoots; hold fragments securely until growth is established.", "maintenance": "Remove sediment gently, watch summer temperatures, and keep a separate culture.", "co2": "Requirement unquantified unless stated. No dosing recipe inferred from habitat.", "nutrition": "Avoid adding rich substrate. Use restrained water-column feeding if required.", "evidence": "General husbandry synthesis; habitat alone does not establish aquarium longevity." }, "stream": { "title": "Specialist stream or waterfall trial", "placement": "Flowing shallow water or continuously wetted rock, as specified in the entry", "temperature": "Temperate habitat suggests a cool trial. Exact culture limits are not established here.", "light": "Diffuse light matched to the source habitat; shade where indicated.", "water": "Match source-habitat mineral character. Do not combine acid-stream and limestone-spring specialists.", "flow": "A recirculating stream with gas exchange is a closer habitat model than a stagnant sealed jar.", "mounting": "Retain a small cultivated tuft on rough, chemically appropriate rock.", "propagation": "A small division is a trial, not a proven propagation protocol.", "maintenance": "Keep surfaces free of sediment; observe new growth and avoid treating short-term survival as establishment.", "co2": "No species-specific injection requirement established.", "nutrition": "Avoid rich soil and heavy fertilizer; habitat chemistry is more informative than generic aquarium recipes.", "evidence": "Proposed mossarium design inferred from field ecology; not a validated cultivation protocol." }, "margin": { "title": "Wet margin / intermittently flooded moss", "placement": "Wet emerged bank or splash zone; exclude from default permanent-submersion selection", "temperature": "Temperate ecology suggests a cool trial; exact limits unquantified.", "light": "Diffuse light; species-specific shade preference takes priority.", "water": "Keep the support moist or wetted, with shoot tops in humid air; match natural mineral conditions.", "flow": "Allow air exchange. Keep water moving where the entry describes springs or streams.", "mounting": "Set a cultivated tuft on wet rock or suitable clean substrate above the standing waterline.", "propagation": "Divide only established cultivated stock; trial a small portion first.", "maintenance": "Watch for drying at tips, decay at the base, sediment and competing algae.", "co2": "Aquarium CO2 injection is not relevant to the emerged portion.", "nutrition": "Use modest fertility; avoid generic fertilization of nutrient-poor specialists.", "evidence": "Placement recommendation inferred from documented habitat. Long-term mossarium cultivation remains unverified." }, "acid_bog": { "title": "Acid bog pool / saturated peatland specialist", "placement": "A separate bog compartment with a high water table; degree of submersion follows the entry", "temperature": "Use a cool trial for temperate material. No numeric optimum inferred.", "light": "Bright diffuse light without overheating; avoid deep shade unless the entry supports it.", "water": "Low-mineral water and an acidic, nutrient-poor system; avoid limestone and hard-water drift.", "flow": "Maintain water level and gas exchange; do not assume a sealed jar is suitable.", "mounting": "Allow live tips to grow over a saturated, appropriate bog support; do not bury living heads.", "propagation": "Divide cultivated living material with intact growing tips.", "maintenance": "Monitor water level, pH and mineral accumulation; remove algae and dead material.", "co2": "No injection requirement established.", "nutrition": "Do not apply an aquarium fertilizer schedule by default to bog mosses.", "evidence": "Bog-system design inference from field ecology; no species-specific jar trial was performed." }, "non_moss": { "title": "Non-moss comparison entry", "placement": "See individual entry. Excluded from true-moss selections.", "temperature": "No numeric temperature prescription supplied in this comparison record.", "light": "Use a verified care sheet for the actual organism and culture.", "water": "Freshwater culture only where documented; identity must be resolved first.", "flow": "Use gentle movement appropriate to the organism.", "mounting": "Attachment differs among floating liverworts, fern gametophytes and algae.", "propagation": "Divide established clean cultivated material where appropriate.", "maintenance": "Keep separately labelled; do not treat a seller's moss name as a botanical identification.", "co2": "Not standardized here.", "nutrition": "Not standardized here.", "evidence": "Comparison records explain identification and scope; they are not complete care prescriptions." }, "tropical_aquatic": { "title": "Submerged aquarium moss with unquantified thermal limits", "placement": "Freshwater submerged chamber", "temperature": "Use provenance and culture-specific evidence before selecting a temperature; no cool-water optimum is implied.", "light": "Diffuse light; avoid direct sun and resulting water heating.", "water": "Keep submerged; match the entry's acidity and mineral requirements.", "flow": "Provide gentle circulation and gas exchange; a filter does not replace maintenance.", "mounting": "Secure small tufts to rock or wood without crushing or burying them.", "propagation": "Divide clean shoots; hold fragments securely until growth is established.", "maintenance": "Remove sediment gently, watch summer temperatures, and keep a separate culture.", "co2": "Requirement unquantified unless stated. No dosing recipe inferred from habitat.", "nutrition": "Avoid adding rich substrate. Use restrained water-column feeding if required.", "evidence": "Submerged trial guidance only. Numeric thermal and chemistry boundaries are not established from the reviewed evidence." } }, "photos": [ { "title": "Willow moss.JPG", "photo_url": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Willow_moss.JPG/960px-Willow_moss.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail", "original_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Willow_moss.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willow_moss.JPG", "creator": "No machine-readable author provided. S.Tanaka~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).", "license": "Public domain", "license_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willow_moss.JPG#Licensing", "description": "Willow moss is popular aquarium plant.This use in home aquarium. It is one's private property.Take a photograph in my home. photo:S.Tanaka", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "Commons image-specific license and creator metadata", "record_id": "M001", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M001.jpg", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Taxiphyllum alternans ''Taiwan Moss'', submerged, as moss wall", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss-4f7a024f6db26.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss-4f7a024f6db26.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-alternans-taiwan-moss", "creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Taxiphyllum alternans ''Taiwan Moss'', submerged, as moss wall", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M002", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Taxiphyllum taxirameum from Khao Sok, Thailand; submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-taxirameum-4f7a0407790db.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-taxirameum-4f7a0407790db.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-taxirameum", "creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Taxiphyllum taxirameum from Khao Sok, Thailand; submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M003", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Taxiphyllum sp. ''Flame Moss'', submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss-4f7a02600a2a9.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss-4f7a02600a2a9.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-flame-moss", "creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2006), www.killies.com", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Taxiphyllum sp. ''Flame Moss'', submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M004", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved" }, { "title": "Taxiphyllum sp. ''Spiky'' (gotten as ''Peacock moss''), submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss-5634a234c0ef6.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss-5634a234c0ef6.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/taxiphyllum-sp-spiky-moss", "creator": "© Tobias Coring (2010)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Taxiphyllum sp. ''Spiky'' (gotten as ''Peacock moss''), submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M005", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved" }, { "title": "Vesicularia dubyana, submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-dubyana-4f7a02539f29e.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-dubyana-4f7a02539f29e.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-dubyana", "creator": "Loh Kwek Leong (2004)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia dubyana, submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M006", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "External original; not copied into the offline package.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species culture photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Vesicularia ferriei ''Weeping Moss'', submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss-4f7a024dc14b9.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss-4f7a024dc14b9.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-ferriei-weeping-moss", "creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia ferriei ''Weeping Moss'', submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M007", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Vesicularia montagnei, submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss-4f7a024a79528.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss-4f7a024a79528.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-montagnei-christmas-moss", "creator": "© Oliver Knott (2005) www.oliver-knott.de", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia montagnei, submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M008", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled Christmas moss with Riccia; mixed planting" }, { "title": "Vesicularia reticulata ''Erect Moss'', submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss-4f7a02512a0b7.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss-4f7a02512a0b7.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-reticulata-erect-moss", "creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2004), www.killies.com", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia reticulata ''Erect Moss'', submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M009", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Vesicularia sp. ''Anchor Moss'', submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss-4f7a026498575.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss-4f7a026498575.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-anchor-moss", "creator": "© Loh Kwek Leong (2006), www.killies.com", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia sp. ''Anchor Moss'', submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M010", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved" }, { "record_id": "M011", "status": "selected", "title": "Vesicularia sp. Creeping — supplier reference", "photo_url": "https://aquamoos.de/products/660-large_01resp/vesicularia-sp-creeping-.jpg", "original_url": "https://aquamoos.de/products/660-large_01resp/vesicularia-sp-creeping-.jpg", "source_url": "https://aquamoos.de/en/aquarium-plants/aquarium-moss/vesicularia-sp-creeping-", "creator": "AQUAMOOS; individual photographer not credited", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia sp. Creeping — supplier reference", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Named image source; no open reuse license established", "match_label": "Representative of supplier-labelled Creeping moss; unresolved trade identity", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "External original; not copied into the offline package." }, { "title": "Vesicularia sp. ''Mini Christmas Moss'', submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss-4f7a0408c2ed7.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss-4f7a0408c2ed7.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-mini-christmas-moss", "creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia sp. ''Mini Christmas Moss'', submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M012", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved" }, { "title": "Vesicularia sp. ''Triangle moss'' (as ''Cratonneuron filicinum''), submerged", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss-4f7a03fb789ff.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss-4f7a03fb789ff.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/vesicularia-sp-triangelmoos-triangle-moss", "creator": "© Tobias Coring (2011)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Vesicularia sp. ''Triangle moss'' (as ''Cratonneuron filicinum''), submerged", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M013", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Representative of source-labelled trade culture; species identity unresolved" }, { "title": "F.fontanus.jpg", "photo_url": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/F.fontanus.jpg/960px-F.fontanus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail", "original_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/F.fontanus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F.fontanus.jpg", "creator": "Njmeyer03", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "description": "Fissidens fontanus in the field", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "Commons image-specific license and creator metadata", "record_id": "M014", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M014.jpg", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Fissidens nobilis", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/fissidens-nobilis-4f7a02cacdcdc.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/fissidens-nobilis-4f7a02cacdcdc.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/fissidens-nobilis", "creator": "René Körner (MasterChief) (2008)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Fissidens nobilis", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M015", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "External original; not copied into the offline package.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species culture photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "record_id": "M016", "status": "selected", "title": "Fissidens “Splachnobryoides” — aquarium trade reference", "photo_url": "https://live.staticflickr.com/2378/32079969484_66d49c809f_h.jpg", "original_url": "https://live.staticflickr.com/2378/32079969484_66d49c809f_h.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/62693539@N07/albums/72157680730402955", "creator": "Vasteq on Flickr; album describes photographs from a Polish pet store", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Fissidens “Splachnobryoides” — aquarium trade reference", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Named image source; no open reuse license established", "match_label": "Source-labelled aquarium Doormat moss; disputed species assignment not independently verified", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "External original; not copied into the offline package." }, { "title": "Fontinalis antipyretica2.jpg", "photo_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fontinalis_antipyretica2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled", "original_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fontinalis_antipyretica2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fontinalis_antipyretica2.jpg", "creator": "Kurt Stüber", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "description": "Species : Fontinalis antipyretica Family : Image No. 3", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "Commons image-specific license and creator metadata", "record_id": "M017", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M017.jpg", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified" }, { "title": "Fontinalis hypnoides (fontinalis moss) (7077305247).jpg", "photo_url": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fontinalis_hypnoides_%28fontinalis_moss%29_%287077305247%29.jpg/960px-Fontinalis_hypnoides_%28fontinalis_moss%29_%287077305247%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail", "original_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Fontinalis_hypnoides_%28fontinalis_moss%29_%287077305247%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fontinalis_hypnoides_(fontinalis_moss)_(7077305247).jpg", "creator": "John Game", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "description": "Fontinalis hypnoides (fontinalis moss). 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A.J.E.Sm. — observation photo", "photo_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/468008509/original.jpeg", "original_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/468008509/original.jpeg", "source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5063795819", "creator": "Helen Waterman", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "description": "Rhynchostegium alopecuroides (Brid.) 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Podp. — observation photo", "photo_url": "https://www.artsobservasjoner.no/MediaLibrary/2025/3/15645615-5ba0-4e58-b9f8-099bf5c6f862_image.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.artsobservasjoner.no/MediaLibrary/2025/3/15645615-5ba0-4e58-b9f8-099bf5c6f862_image.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5081474993", "creator": "Jostein Elvestrand", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "description": "Schistidium rivulare (Brid.) Podp.", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "GBIF occurrence image-specific media license and rights holder; occurrence-record license not used", "match_label": "Source-labelled Schistidium rivulare sporophyte detail; identification not independently verified", "taxonomy_match": "GBIF exact name match; accepted photo taxon: Schistidium rivulare", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M041.jpg", "changes": "Original image bytes; no crop or creative edits." }, { "record_id": "M042", "status": "selected", "title": "Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. — observation photo", "photo_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/627030826/original.jpg", "original_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/627030826/original.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6184934450", "creator": "Pia Stermann", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "description": "Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb.", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "GBIF occurrence image-specific media license and rights holder; occurrence-record license not used", "match_label": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "taxonomy_match": "GBIF exact name match; accepted photo taxon: Calliergon giganteum", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M042.jpg", "changes": "Original image bytes; no crop or creative edits." }, { "record_id": "M043", "status": "selected", "title": "Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. — observation photo", "photo_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/634215788/original.jpg", "original_url": "https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/634215788/original.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6188550615", "creator": "Alexis Tinker-Tsavalas", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "description": "Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb.", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "GBIF occurrence image-specific media license and rights holder; occurrence-record license not used", "match_label": "Source-labelled species observation; identification not independently verified", "taxonomy_match": "GBIF exact name match; accepted photo taxon: Calliergon cordifolium", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M043.jpg", "changes": "Original image bytes; no crop or creative edits." }, { "record_id": "M044", "status": "selected", "title": "Sphagnum majus (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen — observation photo", "photo_url": "https://www.artsobservasjoner.no/MediaLibrary/2026/4/ec835b57-54e1-4aba-b806-64bb0f737f83_image.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.artsobservasjoner.no/MediaLibrary/2026/4/ec835b57-54e1-4aba-b806-64bb0f737f83_image.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/6191833039", "creator": "Theodor Korsgaard", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "description": "Sphagnum majus (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen", "storage_mode": "local_open_license", "attribution_basis": "GBIF occurrence image-specific media license and rights holder; occurrence-record license not used", "match_label": "Source-labelled Sphagnum majus habitat photo; individual shoots are not resolved", "taxonomy_match": "GBIF exact name match; accepted photo taxon: Sphagnum majus", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "images/M044.jpg", "changes": "Original image bytes; no crop or creative edits." }, { "record_id": "M045", "status": "selected", "title": "Krabi moss — supplier reference", "photo_url": "https://gadzisklep.pl/10136-large_default/vesicularia-montagnei-krabi-moss-mech-do-akwarium.jpg", "original_url": "https://gadzisklep.pl/10136-large_default/vesicularia-montagnei-krabi-moss-mech-do-akwarium.jpg", "source_url": "https://gadzisklep.pl/zywe-rosliny-do-akwarium/vesicularia-montagnei-krabi-moss-mech-do-akwarium", "creator": "GadziSklep / Aqua Art product listing; individual photographer not credited", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Krabi moss — supplier reference", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Named image source; no open reuse license established", "match_label": "Supplier-labelled Krabi culture cup; equivalence to the original Krabi culture unverified", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "External original; not copied into the offline package." }, { "title": "Crystalwort", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccia-fluitans-4f7a013100e11.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccia-fluitans-4f7a013100e11.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccia-fluitans", "creator": "Bjarne Sætrang (2004)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Riccia fluitans", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M046", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "fetch_notes": "Commons: curl: (56) The requested URL returned error: 429" }, { "title": "Riccardia sp., in the trade as Riccardia chamedryfolia", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccardia-spp-514a32a858b60.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/riccardia-spp-514a32a858b60.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/riccardia-spp", "creator": "Andreas Ruppert (-serok-)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Riccardia sp., in the trade as Riccardia chamedryfolia", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M047", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Genus example: Riccardia chamedryfolia; not confirmation of the aquarium Mini Pellia species", "fetch_notes": "Commons: curl: (56) The requested URL returned error: 429" }, { "title": "Monosolenium tenerum", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/monosolenium-tenerum-4f7a013229831.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/monosolenium-tenerum-4f7a013229831.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/monosolenium-tenerum", "creator": " Sabine (Bini) (2009)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Monosolenium tenerum", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M048", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "fetch_notes": "Commons: curl: (56) The requested URL returned error: 429" }, { "title": "Lomariopsis cf. lineata", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/lomariopsis-cf-lineata-4f7a026820c61.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/lomariopsis-cf-lineata-4f7a026820c61.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/lomariopsis-cf-lineata", "creator": "Loh Kwek Leong (2006)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Lomariopsis cf. lineata", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M049", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled aquarium fern gametophyte; species assignment remains tentative" }, { "title": "Aegagropila linnaei", "photo_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/aegagropila-linnaei-4f7a0158862b3.jpg", "original_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/images/aquaticplants/detail/aegagropila-linnaei-4f7a0158862b3.jpg", "source_url": "https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/aegagropila-linnaei", "creator": "orinoco (2007)", "license": "Copyright retained; external reference", "license_url": "", "description": "Aegagropila linnaei", "storage_mode": "remote_reference", "attribution_basis": "Photographer credit in Flowgrow gallery; no open reuse license established", "record_id": "M050", "status": "selected", "reviewed_date": "2026-10-14", "local_path": "", "changes": "No crop or creative edits; provider thumbnail used where available.", "match_label": "Source-labelled species photo; identification not independently verified", "fetch_notes": "Commons: curl: (56) The requested URL returned error: 429" } ] }